An algorithm to compute the strength of competing interactions in the Bering Sea based on pythagorean fuzzy hypergraphs

[EN] The networks of various problems have competing constituents, and there is a concern to compute the strength of competition among these entities. Competition hypergraphs capture all groups of predators that are competing in a community through their hyperedges. This paper reintroduces competition hypergraphs in the context of Pythagorean fuzzy set theory, thereby producing Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs. The data of real-world ecological systems posses uncertainty, and the proposed hypergraphs can efficiently deal with such information to model wide range of competing interactions. We suggest several extensions of Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs, including Pythagorean fuzzy economic competition hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzy row as well as column hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzy k-competition hypergraphs, m-step Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs and Pythagorean fuzzy neighborhood hypergraphs. The proposed graphical structures are good tools to measure the strength of direct and indirect competing and non-competing interactions. Their aptness is illustrated through examples, and results support their intrinsic interest. We propose algorithms that help to compose some of the presented graphical structures. We consider predator-prey interactions among organisms of the Bering Sea as an application: Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs encapsulate the competing relationships among its inhabitants. Specifically, the algorithm which constructs the Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs can also compute the strength of competing and non-competing relations of this scenario.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Functional outcomes of poor ergonomic posture in university workers

Background and Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are increasing due to poor posture adaptation. Increasing the use of technologies in the office settings is one of the main reasons behind muscle and soft tissue strains. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of posture-related musculoskeletal pain in office workers.Methods: This observational study was conducted from 15th May, to 25th June, 2021. Data were collected by convenient sampling. The Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire on body postural habits was filled by 150 office workers from different universities of Lahore. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25 was used for statistical analysis.Results: There were 79 (52.7%) male and 71 (43.7%) female participants, with a mean age of 35.7 &plusmn; 5.14 years. Majority (51.3%) of the subjects reported sitting tilted forward, while a few used backrests and footrests for support. Prolonged crossed legs and twisted spine posture were also adopted by many subjects. Neck, lower back, and shoulder were the most affected regions, with increased musculoskeletal pain reported over the last 12 months. Due to recurrent pain in the neck, shoulder, and upper back, difficulty in carrying out routine jobs, housework, and hobbies was reported by 38.7%, 34.7%, and 30% of the subjects, respectively.Conclusion: Failure to adopt a good ergonomic approach leads to frequent musculoskeletal pain and difficulty in carrying out routine office and household work.</p